Marine Algae Mediated Silver Nanoparticles – Cyclodextrin Encapsulation For Improved Anticancer Application

Abstract

Dictyota dichotoma and Sargassum, marine brown algae, were harvested from the coastal waters of Idinthakarai in the Tirunelveli district from which the nanoparticles were synthesized (DDA & SAA). They were used to refine α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) inclusion complexes to improve their stability and therapeutic effectiveness. The successful formation of these complexes (DDA: α-CD & SAA: α-CD) was validated through ¹H NMR spectroscopy, where distinct chemical shift variations confirmed host–guest interactions within the cyclodextrin cavity. The inclusion complexes showed significantly better anticancer capability than the free nanoparticles, as indicated by lower IC₅₀ values and improved growth inhibition at higher concentrations, when cytotoxic activity was evaluated against K562 leukaemia cells. These findings demonstrate the synergistic benefit of α-CD encapsulation in enhancing the biological activity and bioavailability of nanoparticles generated from algae. All things considered, this research highlights the potential of cyclodextrin-based nanocomplexes and marine algae resources as long-term platforms for the creation of potent anticancer drugs.