Incidence of Renal Calculus (HISSAT-E-KULIYA) In different Temperaments of Peoples- A Research Article

Abstract

Hissat-e-Kuliya (nephrolithiasis) is one of the most common urological diseases affecting approximately 15 % population worldwide and about 2.3% population of India. It results from a complex process of several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention with the kidney. A kidney stone is a hard crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract. Various dietary, non-dietary and urinary risk factors contribute to their formation. High fluid intake and adopting healthy lifestyle measures are some of the cost-effective measures in preventing renal stones. Ancient Unani Literature is enriched in Hissat-e-Kulya (Renal Stone), whereas Unani physician described broadly the pathology, manifestation and treatment. In Unani system of medicine, the drug used for renal calculus breaks the stone and then remove it groom urinary system. Though males are at higher risk of developing ranal calculi than females. According to Unani Medicine it arises due to Sue Mizaj Gurdah, Qarha, Ghaleez Madda and their stationary. Fluid intake and dietary changes are important measures in preventing recurrence of kidney stones. In Unani medicine, renal calculus is often linked to an abnormal kidney temperament (sue mizaj kuliya), characterized by a disturbed balance of hot, cold, dry, and wet qualities, leading to impaired kidney function. A weakened expulsive power (Quwwat-e-Dafiya), the accumulation of thick, viscous humors, and a high-virulent temperature in the kidney are considered primary causes. Treatments focus on rebalancing the organ's temperament with appropriate diet and lifestyle to promote normal kidney function and the removal of morbid matter.