Clinical and etiological profile of stroke in Uttarakhand: A hospital based retrospective study.

Abstract

Objective: There are numerous risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents, some of which are modifiable while others are non-modifiable. Controlling these risk variables intensively can reduce disease incidence, mortality, and morbidity. The study's main objective is to identify cerebrovascular accident subtypes admitted to the hospital and the associated risk factors.

Materials and methods: After authorization from the Medical Superintendent, Himalayan Hospital's Medical Record Department provided retrospective data (Jan 2018–May 2018) for this investigation. All 2018 cerebrovascular accident patients admitted to the Neurology ward, ICU, General medicine ward, and other critical care units had their hospital records examined. The risk factors like age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol use, and dyslipidaemia were collected. The patient's CT scan and MRI were obtained from hospital medical records. 

Results: The 50–60-year age group has the highest cerebrovascular accident rate, followed by 60–70-year. Most patients were male (63.4%), while 36.6% were female. Most cerebrovascular accidents were ischemic (63.4%), followed by haemorrhagic (36.6%). The primary risk factors were hypertension (67.8%), smoking (37.9%), alcohol consumption (34.9%), type 2 diabetes (28.9%), cardiac disease (26.5%), and dyslipidaemia (17.5%). Most ischemic cerebrovascular accidents occurred in MCA (36.9%), followed by PCA (20.5%) and ACA (5.7%).

Conclusion: Ischemic cerebrovascular accidents are the most common type of cerebrovascular accident. Large vessel cerebrovascular accident is the most prevalent ischemic cerebrovascular accident, followed by small vessel and cardioembolic cerebrovascular accident. Hypertension is the leading risk factor for all cerebrovascular accidents, followed by smoking, alcohol, and diabetes. Ischemic cerebrovascular accidents generally involve the MCA territory.