Immunological and histopathological study in patients With acute appendicitis in karbala city

Abstract

Acute appendicitis represent a terrible problem for community for  many reasons such as there were no exact identification for it and surgery might lead to many difficulties and   the diagnostic ways for appendicitis were significantly not altered over in the past few years ;therefor our study designed to identify different cytokines levels ( Monocyte chemotactic protein- 1 (MCP-1) and Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1α ) as predicator for specific diagnostic tests of appendicitis and study histological change accompanied with the appendix .

Our study is carried out on(100)specimens , which divided into two groups: group Ι , included (50) patients who were suffered from fever, diarrhea , nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain which migrate to the right iliac Fossa , to explain the presence of acute appendicitis , specimens were collected from patients who were attending to Imam Hussein medical city in Holy Karbala during the period January  2024- June 2024 . Patients  specimens include blood and appendix in compere with (50) blood samples collected from healthy control (group ΙΙ ),that were identical to patients group but not suffered from any symptoms of appendicitis.

The result of our study of  histopathological changes included macroscopic and microscopic examination of all appendices , some of these appendices are enlarged and tissue surrounded by vesicles, and some have fibrous and ulcerated walls of varying colors. The tissue changes showed changes in the histological structure of   appendix, represented by   expansion of its lumen and congestion of  venous blood vessels in the mucosa and sub mucosa , and increasing amount of lymphatic tissue spread through the layers of  appendix,   lymphoid follicular  hyperplasia , large amount of adipose tissue  with fatty necrosis , infiltration of inflammatory cells that spread through the layers of the appendix.

The serological result demonstrated that there were  highly significant differences for  monocyte chemotactic protein- 1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α   (p=0.0001 **) in the serum levels of  appendicitis group   and healthy Control group.