Psychological Well-Being and Distress Among Women in the Workforce: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: The increasing participation of women in the workforce has brought new opportunities and challenges, particularly concerning mental health. Balancing professional responsibilities with family and societal expectations often leads to psychological distress, affecting both well-being and productivity. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the levels of psychological well-being and distress among working women across various occupational sectors and to identify the socio-demographic and occupational factors influencing them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 working women representing diverse professions, including education, healthcare, corporate, and government sectors. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and standardized scales-the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Findings revealed that 42% of participants experienced psychological distress, with stress, anxiety, and depression being the most common manifestations. Younger age, long working hours, job insecurity, and lack of workplace support were significant predictors of distress, while social support and job satisfaction emerged as protective factors. Conclusion: Psychological distress among working women is a multifaceted issue requiring urgent attention. Workplace mental health policies, flexible work arrangements, and gender-sensitive interventions are essential to promote well-being. Enhancing psychological health among women will ultimately contribute to a healthier, more productive, and equitable workforce.