Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Patients Undergoing Elective Abdominal Surgery

Abstract

Background

Anxiety and depression are common yet often overlooked psychological conditions among patients preparing for elective abdominal surgery. These emotional disturbances can impair perioperative stability, increase postoperative pain, prolong hospital stay, and hinder overall recovery. The lack of routine psychological assessment, particularly in resource-limited settings, contributes to poorer surgical outcomes. Therefore, evaluating preoperative psychological status is essential for improving patient care.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of preoperative anxiety and depression among patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery and to examine their association with demographic and clinical factors such as age, sex, education level, comorbidities, and previous surgical history.

Methodology

A cross-sectional Study was conducted among 100 adult patients scheduled for elective abdominal procedures. Preoperative anxiety and depression were assessed one day prior to surgery using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Sociodemographic and clinical information was collected, and standard HADS cutoff scores were used to classify anxiety and depression levels. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to evaluate associations.

Results

The study included 100 participants with a mean age of 48.5 ± 12 years. Prevalence of preoperative anxiety was 42%, while 35% exhibited symptoms of depression. Anxiety was significantly associated with female sex (p = 0.03), lower educational status (p = 0.04), and a history of previous adverse surgical experiences (p = 0.02). Depression was more common among patients with chronic illnesses, although this association did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent among patients awaiting elective abdominal surgery and are influenced by several demographic and clinical factors. Incorporating psychological screening into routine preoperative evaluation may allow early intervention, enhance postoperative recovery, and improve overall surgical outcomes.