Indicators and Elements of Social Justice in the Qur’anic Perspective

Abstract

Social justice is among the most essential principles in religious thought and a defining feature of the Qur’an’s intellectual framework. The Qur’an presents justice not as a mere abstract idea, but as a guiding principle that governs both individual conduct and collective life. Within this framework, justice safeguards human dignity, gives purpose to freedom, and establishes mutual responsibilities between rulers and citizens. Using an analytical–descriptive method and drawing on classical and contemporary exegetical sources, this study examines the main indicators and elements of social justice as reflected in the Qur’an. It first discusses the theoretical foundations of social justice, then explores its key dimensions, including equality, human dignity, freedom, and social responsibility. The research further analyzes the practical manifestations of social justice in the economic, judicial, political, and cultural spheres. The study also compares the interpretations of prominent Shi‘a and Sunni commentators—such as al-Ṭabarī, Fakhr al-Rāzī, Ibn Kathīr, Ṭabāṭabā’ī, and Ṭabarsī—to highlight their shared insights and distinctive viewpoints. In addition, the paper connects the Qur’anic vision of social justice with modern discussions on justice, development, and human rights. Based on a library-based and content analysis approach, the findings reveal that the Qur’an offers a comprehensive and dynamic model for realizing a just and humane society—one that can provide a valuable foundation for contemporary social and cultural policymaking.