Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Karbala, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that have their origin in lymphoid tissue, and are broadly grouped into either Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Epidemiology, clinical behaviour, and treatment responses of such malignancies differ in geographic regions and human populations. In Iraq, there are limited regional epidemiological data on the lymphoma and, therefore, local studies are necessary to enhance the clinical practice and healthcare planning. Purpose: This research aims to examine the nature of individuals with lymphoma that was treated in the Al-Hussein Medical City in Karbala. We would like to know the types of treatment that were applied to these patients. The target of this study is lymphoma patients and the treatment of lymphomas. What we can learn by studying lymphoma and lymphoma treatment is how to assist lymphoma patients. Methods: The study was a retrospective cross-sectional one as it reviewed the medical records of 80 patients diagnosed with lymphoma during the period of 2018-2023. The data gathered was on demographic details, type and subtype of lymphoma, stage of diagnosis using the Ann Arbor classification, treatment courses and treatment outcome. Findings: The study involved 80 patients who included 61.25% females. Fifty-six patients (70%), and 24 patients (30%), were diagnosed with non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma, respectively. The most recurring subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) which made up 47.5 percent of the total cases. The average age of diagnosis was 50 years (15-82 years). The most common stage of presentation was stage I (27.5%), and stage II (26.25%). R-CHOP (53.75%), and ABVD (32.5) were the most common first-line treatment regimen used in the case of NHL and HL, respectively. In 52.5% of the patients, full remission was attained. Eight point seven five percent of cases received stem cell transplantation. Twenty-seven point five percent of the patients reported a positive family history of malignancy. Conclusion: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common type of lymphoma in Karbala with the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma being the most common type. R-CHOP, ABVD and other standard treatment programs yielded good remission rates among numerous patients. Even better patient outcomes could be achieved by improving the screening programs and the early referral.