Age-Wise Assessment Of Premenstrual Syndrome In Healthy Females: An Observational Survey Study

Abstract

Background:
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common condition affecting women of reproductive age and is characterized by a combination of psychological, behavioral, and somatic symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and subside with the onset of menstruation. These symptoms may influence the physical and emotional well-being of women and affect daily functioning. The pattern and severity of PMS symptoms may vary across different reproductive age groups due to hormonal fluctuations, lifestyle factors, and psychosocial influences.

Objective:
To assess the prevalence and pattern of Premenstrual Syndrome symptoms among healthy females and to evaluate their distribution across different reproductive age groups.

Matrials and Methods

A cross-sectional observational survey study was conducted among 90 healthy females aged 15–45 years residing in Chomu, Rajasthan. Participants were categorized into three age groups: 15–25 years, 25–35 years, and 35–45 years. Premenstrual symptoms were assessed using a standardized and validated Premenstrual Syndrome questionnaire developed in New York. The symptoms were classified into four domains: PMS-A (anxiety-related symptoms), PMS-C (craving-related symptoms), PMS-D (depression-related symptoms), and PMS-H (hyperhydration-related symptoms), along with other associated symptoms. The severity of symptoms was graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms in each age group.

Results:
PMS symptoms were observed across all age groups. Participants aged 15–25 years predominantly reported mild to moderate symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, and headache. The 25–35 years age group demonstrated comparatively higher severity of psychological symptoms including anxiety, mood swings, nervous tension, depression, and insomnia. Women aged 35–45 years generally exhibited milder symptoms, although somatic manifestations such as abdominal bloating, fatigue, and musculoskeletal discomfort were frequently reported.

Conclusion:
Premenstrual Syndrome symptoms are prevalent among women of reproductive age and demonstrate variations in severity across different age groups. Psychological symptoms were more pronounced in the middle reproductive age group, whereas younger and older groups predominantly experienced mild manifestations.