"Development and Characterization of Phytosomes Loaded with Ethanolic Extract of Mangifera indica Leaves"

Abstract

Ethanolic extract of Mangifera indica leaves was prepared and subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, confirming high levels of phenolics and flavonoids. Phytosomes were formed by complexation of the extract with phosphatidylcholine using a reflux method, in 1:1 ratio of extract: phosphatidylcholine. The resultant vesicles were purified and lyophilized for characterization. Particle size and polydispersity index were measured by dynamic light scattering, yielding uniformly distributed nanosized vesicles with a mean diameter of approximately 79.2 nm and low PDI. Zeta potential analysis indicated good colloidal stability (−32.2 mV). Entrapment efficiency was determined by ultracentrifugation and spectrophotometric quantification, giving 67.24%. Surface and morphological analyses were performed by SEM and TEM, confirming spherical morphology and nanoscale dimensions, while AFM provided topographical details. FTIR spectroscopy showed characteristic interactions between extract phytoconstituents and phosphatidylcholine, indicating complex formation. DSC thermograms revealed changes in thermal behaviour consistent with molecular interaction and partial amorphization of the extract within the phytosomal matrix. The developed phytosome represents a well-characterized, stable delivery system for Mangifera indica phytoconstituents, suitable for further preclinical evaluation