Surgical Management of Obesity: Long-term Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery and its impact on Metabolic Syndrome.

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome is in most cases accompanied by obesity and is defined by a combination of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Compared to conventional diets and exercise, bariatric surgery leads to person-oriented sustainable weight loss and positive metabolic changes with a favorable effect on metabolic syndrome in patients with mild to moderate obesity.

Objectives: This manuscript aims to assess the potential advantages of adult obese persons after the bariatric surgery on weight loss and metabolic syndrome parameters.

Study design: A retrospective cohort study

Place and duration of study: Watim Medical & Dental College Rawalpindi.from jan 2023 to jan 2024

Methods: In order to investigate different patterns of fat mass distribution before and after bariatric surgery on a sample of 120 patients. After 5-years of follow-up, prospective data on weight loss, insulin sensitivity, lipid parameters and hypertension were obtained. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using the t-test comparison for paired data under the null hypothesis, the required level of significance being set at 0.05; the results have been represented with the precision of Standard Deviation (SD).

Results: The patients who received the presented treatment once had significant weight loss, which constituted on average 35.6 % (±8.7) % of their body weight. Fasting glucose concentration reduced significantly with a raise in insulin sensitivity by 25% (±5.6%) p <0.01. LDL cholesterol fell by (± 7.3 %) 18%, and 45% of the hypertensive patients were off their medication. The intent-to-treat analysis for achieving the overall metabolic syndrome resolution was 68%, there was a statistically significant improvement in all primary outcomes analyzed (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Gastric bariatric surgery produces a major weight loss effort and lowers metabolic syndrome features, such as insulin level and lipid profile for at least five years post-surgery. It should affirmatively be viewed as one of the principal treatment approaches to metabolic syndrome in patients with severe obesity.