Clinical Characteristics of Acute Kidney Injury in Acute Gastroenteritis Patients: A Prospective Analysis

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition often encountered in patients with acute gastroenteritis (AGE), posing significant morbidity and mortality risks. This prospective study investigates the clinical characteristics, incidence, and risk factors associated with AKI in a cohort of AGE patients. Conducted in a tertiary care setting, the study enrolled patients diagnosed with AGE over a specified period. Patients were stratified by AKI severity using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, and data were collected on demographic factors, comorbidities, laboratory values, and clinical management, including fluid resuscitation and electrolyte correction.

Results indicated a higher prevalence of AKI among patients with advanced age, underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or chronic kidney disease (CKD), and those presenting with severe dehydration. Notably, electrolyte disturbances, particularly hyperkalemia and hyponatremia, were frequent among AKI cases. AKI patients exhibited prolonged hospital stays and an increased need for renal replacement therapy, with an observed rise in mortality among severe cases. Our analysis revealed that early, aggressive fluid management significantly reduced AKI progression and improved renal recovery rates, highlighting dehydration severity as a modifiable risk factor.

The study’s findings underscore the necessity of vigilant monitoring for AKI in AGE patients, especially those with predisposing comorbidities. Early identification of at-risk individuals and prompt intervention can improve clinical outcomes and potentially reduce AKI-associated complications. This analysis advocates for an integrated approach to managing AGE with a focus on renal protection, providing a foundation for future research on targeted therapies for preventing AKI in vulnerable AGE populations.