Advanced Imaging Techniques in Dental Diagnostics: A Focus on Impacted Maxillary Canines Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the prevalence, anatomical positioning, and complications associated with impacted maxillary canines using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), aiming to provide valuable insights for improved diagnostic and treatment approaches.

Methods: A retrospective, observational analysis was conducted on 69 CBCT images, encompassing 82 impacted maxillary canines. The study focused on determining the prevalence and location of canine impactions, measuring their proximity to critical anatomical landmarks—the floor of the nasal cavity (FNC) and the floor of the maxillary sinus (FMS)—and identifying associated complications. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and paired t-tests to evaluate significant differences in measurements.

Results: The findings indicated a higher prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in females, with 54.8% positioned palatially. Average distances from the crown and root tip of impacted canines to the FNC were 16.40 mm and 2.34 mm, respectively, while distances to the FMS were 19.50 mm and 2.98 mm. Common complications included retention of deciduous canines (54.8%) and crowding of teeth (51.2%), with root resorption of adjacent teeth observed in 39% of cases. Statistical analysis revealed significant side-based differences in proximity to the FMS (p < 0.05), underscoring potential risks during surgical or orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion: The study highlights the utility of CBCT imaging for precise diagnosis and treatment planning of impacted maxillary canines. The close proximity of impacted canines to vital structures and the prevalence of complications emphasize the importance of early and accurate diagnostic imaging. CBCT should be integrated into standard protocols for managing canine impactions to improve clinical outcomes and mitigate associated risks.