Psychological and Physical Health Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Comparative Analysis of Anxiety, Depression, Body Image, and Self-Esteem

Abstract

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, often leading to a range of physical and psychological symptoms. This study aimed to explore the psychological dimensions of PCOS, focusing on anxiety, depression, body shape preoccupation, and self-esteem among women diagnosed with the syndrome, compared to a control group of healthy women. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, involving 126 participants—63 women with PCOS and 63 controls. Using standardized scales, including the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Body Shape Questionnaire, significant differences were observed between groups. Women with PCOS reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, and body shape preoccupation, as well as lower self-esteem compared to controls. Correlation analysis further revealed a significant positive relationship between body shape concerns and both anxiety and depression, as well as a negative relationship between body shape preoccupation and self-esteem. These findings emphasize the necessity for comprehensive treatment approaches that integrate mental health support alongside medical management for PCOS. Addressing both physical and psychological needs may enhance overall well-being and improve the quality of life for women affected by PCOS.