Clinicopathological and Histomorphological Profiling of Primary Lung Carcinoma: A Tertiary Care Center Prospective Study in Central India

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most lethal types of organ-specific cancers. Diagnosis with a small biopsy is a difficult task for the pathologist. In recent years, the treatment scenario and prognosis for lung cancer have changed depending on the type of cell morphology. This study aims to provide data to help diagnose suspected lung cancer cases as early as possible so they can be treated effectively.

Material and Methods: We conducted this prospective observational study in the Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine at the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences in Chhattisgarh, India. We collected our data from case records, demographic profiles, and histomorphological profiles of patients diagnosed with primary lung carcinoma from March 2019 to March 2020.

Results: All histopathology samples (N = 48) were taken from small biopsies, and 38 of these were from endobronchial biopsies. The mean age of patients in our study was 58.1 ± 12.2 (mean ± SD). Cough (35/48, 72.95%) and pallor (44/48, 91.76%) were the most common symptom and sign, respectively. Adenocarcinoma (ADC) was the most common morphological type (31/48, 64.5%), and the majority of the patients were nonsmokers (30/48, 62.5%). Furthermore, solid pattern (17/31, 54.83%) was the most common subtype among ADC cases.

Conclusion: ADC was the most common morphological subtype. In the region where our study was conducted, most patients were nonsmokers. The clinical profiles of the lung carcinoma patients were similar to those in the previously documented literature. We found that immunohistochemistry is useful in the diagnosis of lung carcinoma in small biopsies.