Epidemiological Study of Tuberculosis Among HIV-Positive Patients in the Osh Region of Kyrgyz Republic

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV represent two of the most critical worldwide public health concerns, primarily owing to their synergistic connections. In 2022, over 671,000 persons with HIV contracted tuberculosis, making it one of the most widespread illnesses and a primary cause of death among this demographic. Co-infection with TB and HIV led to around 167,000 fatalities worldwide in that year. Individuals with HIV possess a 20 to 30-fold increased likelihood of developing tuberculosis as a result of their compromised immune systems. Nonetheless, prophylactic TB therapy in HIV-positive patients has shown efficacy in substantially reducing this risk. Data from 2022 indicate that 80% of those diagnosed with tuberculosis had HIV testing, highlighting the essential importance of early diagnosis in enhancing survival rates via prompt treatment. This research examines the clinical features of TB/HIV co-infection in the Osh area of Kyrgyzstan, evaluating outcomes according to the stage of HIV infection and the patients' age groups. The studies seek to improve early diagnosis methods for both illnesses, therefore improving patient outcomes via earlier and more precise therapies.