Effectiveness of Warm Ginger Hydrotherapy and Foot Massage in Enhancing Subjective Well-Being in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

          Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) requires a holistic approach to blood glucose control management, but non-pharmacological therapy is still rarely applied in society. Research on warm ginger hydrotherapy and foot massage as complementary therapies has previously been conducted separately, but the combination of these two therapies in DM patients has never been conducted.This study aims to analyze the effects of a combination of warm ginger hydrotherapy and foot massage on subjective well-being of patients.

          The research method used in this study was a pre-experimental pre-post design, with a sample of 70 participants selected through purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included DM patients aged 18-65 years with high blood glucose levels. The intervention was carried out for one month, with sessions three times a week. Data were collected using a subjective well-being questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability with 40 respondents, the Cronbach's alpha reliability test results were 0.514 and had been validated with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.938.

          The results showed that most respondents were aged 45-60 years (35.7%), female and male (50%), and had suffered from diabetes mellitus for 5-10 years (42.9%). T-test showed an increase in subjective well-being from Mean 45.6 to 52.3 (p = 0.001).

          These findings support the use of non-pharmacological therapies in managing Type 2 DM and highlight the potential of the combination of hydrotherapy and foot massage in improving patients' quality of life. However, this study has limitations, including a small sample size and an uncontrolled design. Further studies with more rigorous designs are recommended to confirm these findings and explore the benefits of alternative therapies in diabetes management