Phyllosphere Bacteria of Andaliman (Zanctoxylum acanthopodium DC.) as Potential Antimicrobial Compounds Source against Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Infectious diseases are diseases that can be life-threatening if left untreated and can be caused by pathogenic microbes such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The irrational use of antimicrobials has caused many pathogenic microbes to adapt and become resistant to antimicrobials. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) and phylosphere bacteria are known to have antimicrobial activity due to the compounds they contain. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial potential of Andaliman phyllosphere bacteria (Z. acanthopodium DC.) against E. coli, B. subtilis and S. aureus. This research was an experimental laboratory research with qualitative data collection methods. The antagonist test was carried out by using spot technique. The five best isolates were identified molecularly based on the 16s rRNA gene. Then, crude extracts of potential phyllosphere bacteria of Andaliman were carried out through secondary metabolite screening and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test with disc diffusion method. From the antagonist test results, six isolates inhibited the growth of S. aureus and 8 isolates inhibited B. subtillis. In the MIC test results, the best inhibitory zone was obtained with a concentration of 70% in the AF43 isolate measuring 15.79 mm, which was included in the strong category against S. aureus bacteria and the MIC test results were also obtained at a concentration of 70% in the AF43 isolate measuring 13.57 mm. mm which falls into the strong category against B. subtilis bacteria. AF43 isolate extract is an isolate that has inhibitory power against S. aureus and B. subtilis bacteria, where a concentration of 100% produces the most significant inhibitory power, measuring 17.2 mm against B. subtilis bacteria and 23.4 mm against S. aureus bacteria.