Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Of Electrolyte Profiles In Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, And Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are major global health issues, each influenced by demographic factors and electrolyte imbalances. Research connects age, gender, and electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus) to these conditions, underscoring the importance of identifying specific trends across these diseases.

 Aim

The aim of the study is to comprehensively compare the electrolyte profiles in individuals with CVD, DM and CKD.

Method and Material

This cross-sectional study at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, involved 150 patients divided into three groups of 50, each diagnosed solely with CVD, DM, or CKD. Participants aged 39–60 were selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic information was gathered via questionnaire, and Serum sample was used for analysis. Test were performed using the fully automatic analyser.

 Results

The age distribution analysis showed CVD peaking in ages 46–65, DM in 46–55, and CKD across 36–65. Electrolyte results indicated that calcium levels were slightly reduced in CVD patients, while sodium and chloride remained within normal ranges. DM patients exhibited no significant chloride or calcium deviations, though contrasts appeared with lower sodium levels in other studies. CKD patients displayed normal sodium ranges, though past studies reported a risk of hyponatremia in advanced stages. Significant differences were noted in potassium, calcium, and phosphorus levels across the disease groups (p < .05).

 Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of demographic and electrolyte monitoring in managing CVD, DM, and CKD, emphasizing the need for tailored management strategies based on disease-specific electrolyte trends.