Study on Bio-Based Textile Fibers

Abstract

Bio-based textile fibers are gaining significant attention as sustainable alternatives to traditional petroleum-based fibers in the textile industry. Derived from renewable natural resources such as plants, animals, and microbes, these fibers present an eco-friendly solution to the growing environmental concerns associated with synthetic fibers, which are largely non-biodegradable and energy-intensive to produce. Bio-based fibers, including those from cellulose (e.g., cotton, linen, bamboo), proteins (e.g., wool, silk, soy), and biopolyesters (e.g., PLA—polylactic acid), offer a promising route to reduce the ecological footprint of textile manufacturing. The use of bio-based materials can minimize the dependence on fossil fuels, decrease carbon emissions, and promote circularity in textile production by enhancing biodegradability and recyclability. Moreover, advancements in biotechnology and material science are enabling the development of innovative bio-based fibers with improved performance characteristics, such as enhanced durability, moisture-wicking properties, and antimicrobial functions. However, challenges remain in scaling up production, ensuring cost-effectiveness, and optimizing the fiber's mechanical properties for mass-market applications. This paper reviews the types, production methods, environmental benefits, and current limitations of bio-based textile fibers, offering insights into their potential to transform the textile industry toward a more sustainable future.