Optimizing Colon Targeted Drug Delivery: Deep Insights into Microsphere-Based Methods

Abstract

Colon-targeted drug delivery systems have gained significant attention for the treatment of localized colon disorders such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Oral administration is favored for its high patient acceptance and ease of use. Among various delivery methods, microparticulate systems, particularly microspheres, are the most effective for controlled and sustained drug release to specific inflammatory sites. Microspheres, defined as particles with dimensions between 1 and 1000 μm, are produced from proteins or synthetic polymers and are biodegradable. They can be coated with various compounds to optimize drug delivery and reduce nonspecific interactions. Understanding the colon's anatomy, including its unique pH levels, microflora, and transit time, is essential for effective drug targeting. Various prodrug approaches, such as azo bond conjugates, glycoside conjugates, and cyclodextrin conjugates, have been explored to ensure that drugs are selectively released in the colon. These systems provide a promising avenue for enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing systemic side effects.