Dental Arch structure as a Potential Tool in Forensic Individual Identification

Abstract

Abstract

Background

The unique morphology of the dental arch plays a pivotal role in forensic science, aiding in the identification of individuals. Dental records and arch structures provide a non-invasive and reliable method for forensic analysis, particularly in mass disasters or cases involving unidentified human remains. This study investigates the feasibility of using dental arch structure as a potential tool for individual identification.

Materials and Methods

This observational study was conducted on a sample of 100 individuals (50 males and 50 females) aged between 20 and 50 years. Maxillary and mandibular dental arch impressions were taken using alginate and poured in Type III dental stone. Key parameters such as intercanine width, intermolar width, and arch length were measured using a digital caliper. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.25, with gender and age comparisons analyzed using a t-test and ANOVA, respectively.

Results

The intercanine width averaged 28.5 ± 1.2 mm for males and 26.7 ± 1.4 mm for females. Intermolar width showed similar gender-based differences, with males at 45.3 ± 1.5 mm and females at 42.8 ± 1.7 mm. Arch length varied significantly across both genders, with males averaging 38.9 ± 2.1 mm and females 36.5 ± 2.3 mm (p < 0.01). The overall accuracy of individual identification using these parameters reached 86%, with male identification being marginally higher (89%) compared to females (83%).

 Conclusion

Dental arch structure demonstrates significant potential as a reliable tool in forensic individual identification. Gender-specific differences in arch dimensions can be utilized effectively for classification. Further studies with larger samples and diverse populations are recommended to refine the accuracy and applicability of this approach.