Impact of Glutathione (GSH) and some biochemical markers in β-thalassemia major patients with negative and positive Entamoebae histolytica.

Abstract

 Thalassemia syndromes are a broad category of hemoglobin diseases caused by the absence or reduced synthesis of normal globin chains. Glutathione S-transferase (GSH) activity has been found to be altered in individuals with Beta-thalassemia is a hereditary blood condition marked by a diminished or nonexistent synthesis of beta globin chains in hemoglobin. Glutathione (GSH) activity has been studied in individuals infected with Entamoeba histolytica, Studies have shown that GSH activity is present in E. histolytica, and plays a role in the parasite's detoxification and protection against oxidative stress. The goal of this study is to identify several biochemical markers and Glutathione S-transferase (GSH) values that predict outcomes in Iraqi β-thalassemia major who tested positive or negative for Entamoeba histolytica.

Patients and methods:  A total of 200 (150 with β-thalassemia patients and 50 healthy subjects) were involved in this study during their attendance at AL-Karama hospital on Baghdad. The research was carried out from January onwards 2024 to May 2024. The age range of all patients were from (15–35) years and the necessary information’s were taken from all patients. Stool specimens were collected from patients with blood and /or mucus diarrhea and five ml disposable syringe was used to collect venous blood by vein puncture. blood was transferred to 10 ml sterile serum separator tubes (gel tube used for detection of:  GSH by ELISA ALT, AST, and LDH by using biochemical specific auto-analyzer instrument.

Results:  The results of biochemical markers showed an elevated levels in liver the enzymes (ALT, AST) and (LHD) was significantly higher than that observed in the control (P<0.05). According to serum concentration of GSH showed a lower for β-thalassemia patients’ group (P<0.0001) (80.83 ± 77.7) as compared with control (320.9 ± 88.1). In the current investigation, there was no statistically significant difference (P < 0.9042) detected in the levels of GSH between patients with β-thalassemia and those infected with Entamoeba histolytica. Also, we found no significant difference (P < 0.2472) in LDH levels, but a significant increase (P < 0.0001) in ALT and AST was observed when comparing to patients with β-thalassemia those infected with Entamoeba histolytica.

Conclusion: Patients with β-thalassemia who are infected with Entamoeba histolytica exhibited a notable reduction in glutathione levels, along with a significant increase in certain biochemical markers.