A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Prevalence and Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Older People in Selected Rural Areas of Gurugram

Abstract

Introduction: Cognitive impairment in older adults represents a significant public health challenge, characterized by a decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning abilities. This impairment can range from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to more severe conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. The prevalence of cognitive impairment increases with age, affecting a substantial proportion of the elderly population. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and factors associated with mild cognitive impairment among older people.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to assess the prevalence and factors associated with mild cognitive impairment among older people in selected rural areas of Gurugram, Haryana.

Results: Demographic factors such as age, gender, and marital status influence cognitive impairment outcomes. Older participants, particularly those aged 76 and above, showed a lower mean impairment score, which could indicate a unique age-related aspect or potential selection bias. Gender differences were minimal, though unmarried individuals and those with certain health conditions, including high blood pressure and diabetes, exhibited higher cognitive impairment scores. Notably, individuals with mental health conditions such as depression had the highest mean impairment scores, underscoring the impact of mental health on cognitive function.

Conclusion: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) varies across different demographic groups. Among age groups, the highest prevalence is seen in those aged 66-70 years, while the lowest is in participants aged 76 years and above. The study also found that unmarried individuals exhibit the highest prevalence of MCI while single participants have the lowest. Lifestyle factors also play a role in cognitive performance. Vegetarians and those engaging in morning walks had better cognitive outcomes compared to non-vegetarians and those not involved in regular physical activity.

Recommendation:

Mental health support is essential for those with depression, who exhibited a higher prevalence of impairment . Promoting social engagement and physical activity is key for better cognitive outcomes.