A Comprehensive Review on Magnesium: Preventive and Therapeutic Applications in various inflammatory disorders

Abstract

Abstract: Magnesium is an essential mineral crucial for numerous physiological processes, including enzymatic reactions, protein synthesis, cellular energy production, and nerve transmission. This comprehensive review examines magnesium's preventive and therapeutic roles in various inflammatory disorders. Magnesium deficiency has been linked to metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and inflammation, while adequate magnesium intake or supplementation offers protective effects by improving metabolic parameters and reducing inflammation. In rheumatoid arthritis, magnesium alleviates joint pain and improves physical function by modulating oxidative stress and cytokine production. It inhibits cartilage degradation and enhances joint function in osteoarthritis. Magnesium's bronchodilatory properties benefit asthma and COPD patients by relaxing airway smooth muscles and reducing pro-inflammatory mediators. For polycystic ovarian syndrome, magnesium improves insulin sensitivity and hormonal balance. Inflammatory bowel diseases see benefits from magnesium's anti-inflammatory properties and its role in maintaining intestinal health. Type 2 diabetes management is enhanced through magnesium's involvement in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Magnesium also supports thyroid hormone metabolism, vascular health by regulating blood pressure and endothelial function, and liver health by reducing inflammation and supporting hepatic function. Furthermore, magnesium aids in managing gouty arthritis by regulating uric acid metabolism and alleviating symptoms. Despite the promise shown by magnesium supplementation in mitigating various inflammatory conditions, more large-scale, high-quality studies are required to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential and establish optimal supplementation strategies. This review underscores the need for increased awareness and promotion of magnesium supplementation within both medical and lay communities for its significant health benefits.